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Relative deprivation theory.
Main assumptions.
:-Aggressive behaviour is a result of comparing to others. Stouffer. 1949. Said that the cause of conflict is the discrepancy between what individuals think they have a right to expect and what, in a realistic manner, they are capable of getting. The key influence is social conditions. :-The greater the gap between what we feel we have a right to, and what we actually get, leads to perceived relative deprivation which then leads to frustration and aggressive behaviour.
:-Subjective feelings are more important than actual information.
:-Frustration is a key component. Berkowits. 1972. Said that a perception of relative deprivation can lead to frustration which may result in aggression. :-Relative deprivation is prominent in modern societies. Evaluation of relative deprivation.
Positive points.
:-Supporting research evidence.
Abeles. 1976. Black militant groups.
Walker. 1987. Unemployed Australia. :-This theory offers a very plausible account for riots and protests.
:-This theory highlights the impact frustration can have on behaviour, however, it offers a limited perspective on aggression. Negative Points.
:-It is subjective. This theory is based totally on an individual or groups perspective of their expectations. This is problematic for a number of reasons.
:-Reason one. It is difficult to measure emotions.
:-Reason two. There are clear issues of generalisation.
:-Limited. This explanation can only account for certain types of antisocial behaviour, for example protests. It would be very difficult to use the main principles of this theory to explain all antisocial acts.
:-Reductionistic. It is far too simplistic to assume that all antisocial behaviour is the product of frustration. Mann. 1981. He used the concept of Deindividuation to explain suicides and baiting crowds. He researched 21 incidents from newspapers in the 1960s and 1970s. He found that ten out of twenty-one had a baiting crowd, these crowds were deindividuated by usually night in groups and being a fair distance away. :-They were deindividuated showing groups and not being able to be seen deindividulates.
:-Using newspapers could have extended the truth slightly (secondary research).
:-Outdated research.
:-Small sample.
:-Night time which may have meant they were drinking so deindividuated . Watson. 1973. He investigated 23 different cultures. Warriors who masked their faces were more aggressive than those that did not. The masked warriors tended to kill, torture or mutilate captured enemies. :-Shows Deindividuation via the masking which joins the main assumptions of loss of identity.
:-Observation studies experiment bias could be possible.
:-Shows cross culture similarities.
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